In the first years, only expeditional investigations were carried out in the Staion by the Department of Peat Science (Katedra Torfoznastwa), the Department of Cultivation of Meadows and Pastures, Warsaw Agricultural University (Katedrę Uprawy Łąk i Pastwisk SGGW) as well as the Department of Ecology, Polish Academy of Science (Zakład Ekologii PAN). The main research activities were concentrated on exploring Biebrza peatlands. Since 1954, when the first team with an academic background was established, field experiments were started. Initially, all programmes were realized in a close cooperation with the Department of Peat Science and the Department of Fertilization of Soil and Plants.

By 1960 the research programmes of the station were concentrated mainly on investigations and observations related to the reclamation and the management of peatland areas, including consultancy and supervision of reclamation activities.

In the period of 1960-2000, the research projects of the Biebrza Experiment Station formed a part of the research programs of the Institute for Land Reclamation and Grassland Farming (IMUZ) focusing on the following ideas in particular:

• Identification of the peat soil properties and processes that occur in organic soils after drainage, in order to determine the optimal management minimalizing an excessive mineralization and subsidence,
• Identification of soil and water conditions in the Biebrza Valley so as to determine the most proper management and protection of environmental values,
• Water requirement and control of water conditions in peat soils under meadows,
• Assesment of trends and possibilities of agricultural production on reclaimed peatlands taking into consideration the grassland farming as a basis for the husbandry development,
• Methods of increasing productivity of light mineral soils surrounding peatlands as well as production and application of peat fertilizers (subject ceased in 1970),
• Defining preconditions of peatland afforestation (realized in narrow range).

During the first decades, all scientific works of the station were concentrated on the complex management on peatlands. The station was involved in realization of the agricultural expansion into the extensive Biebrza mires. The knowledge achieved on the formation of soil-water conditions became a basis for managing on areas designed for farming as well as those encompassed by various forms of the nature protection. Complex research works carried out for many years enabled to work out the theory of moorshing processes and the principles of peat soils division into types and soil-moisture complexes illustrating differentiation of these soils with respect to the air-water conditions.

Comprehensive materials about transformation processes occurring in meadow plant communities under conditions of moderate or very strong human impact are the result of long term farming experiments, carried out for 40 years until the 90s. Numerous papers based on these experiments concern the relationship between vegetation and soil-site conditions, as well as on the influence of fertilization, irrigation and utilization on grassland yielding, their sodding state and soil transformations. Other directions concerned establishment and identification of grasslands on peat soils, weed control with the use of herbicides and selection of grass mixtures, as well as experiments concerning mowing-grazing utilization of meadows were carried out.